Philosophy Articles and Videos by Topic

Some of these are things I've shown in class, others things I've discussed, and others are just for the curious. Also check here for articles and book/film summaries.

Random links that could be of interest:

Existential Comics (comic)
Dead Philosophers in Heaven (comic)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (better than Wikipedia)
Squashed Philosophy (useful to get the main ideas, but then read the text, right?)
   - this one's good for figuring out which chapter of a text to read, but don't quote it
Early Modern Texts - Jonathan Bennett re-wrote many texts in plain English
Famous Philosopher Pick-up Lines (McSweeney's)
History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps (podcasts)
Partially Examined Life (podcasts)
Philosophy Bites (podcasts and books)
​Crash Course in Philosophy (Hank Green videos)
Philosophy Time (James Franco talks briefly with philosophers)
Critical Theory
Philosophy Now (magazine)
Philosophy Journal for Undergrads (magazine)
Philosophize This!  (podcasts)
Free Philosophy Courses (podcasts)
Institute for Art and Ideas (videos)
​Philosophy Tube (videos)
​Philosophy Bro (summaries of major readings with many swears)
Mother Forkin' Morals (videos from the guy that made The Good Place)
​UK A-level Criteria (curriculum documents)
​Evaluating student blogs (see university rubrics)
Academia.edu (academic papers in philosophy)
Exploring Philosophy (Open University podcasts)
Reading list of most important books developed by many philosophy profs
Philosophy as a Way of Life - excellent book by Hadot
Four by Three Magazine - great philosophical essays, but very academic
Tips on teaching philosophy that are interesting to read through!
​1000-Word Philosophy (a collection of essays about philosophy)
Radical Philosophy Magazine (essays from Butler, Foucault, Badiou...)
London Review of Books
Ontario Philosophy Teachers' Association (anyone can go to the conference!)
On-line courses - they cost money, but are great listening.
Justice with Michael Sandel - a Harvard prof's lessons
Seven fun thought experiments (Big Think list)
A ton of lectures online --> I bolded ones I've seen and enjoyed

Introduction to Philosophy:
​
What is Philosophy For?  (5 min video) - School of Life
What's the point of philosophy (Scientific American article)
You can actually make $$$ with a philosophy degree!  (Yahoo Finance article)
The trouble with people who LOVE to argue! (The Point)
On the drive to create meaning (New York Times article)
Fostering Purpose (Exercises) 
How philosophy helped with a medical degree (Washington Post article)
Philosophy for Laymen (Bertrand Russell, 1946)
Philosophy and Morality (NY Times article)
On Sophists and Bad Argumentation (52 min podcast)
Some fun thought experiments 
​Why do philosophy? (PEL 75 min podcast)
Logic and Critical Thinking:
​
Using fallacies to win an argument (6 min. video)
Unspoken premises - prof on BLM shirt (two letters)
Developing Logic and Critical Thinking Skills (handout)
An organized overview of logical fallacies (Stephen Downes list)
Philosophy Toolkit (Aeon article on argumentation)
Premises, Valid and Sound Arguments (Crash Course 5 min. video)
Carl Sagan's "Baloney Detection Kit" (Brain Pickings article)
Inductive and Abductive Reasoning (Crash Course 10 min. video)
Fallacy Man - cartoon
How to analyze arguments - Philosophy Now article
Carl Sagan's baloney detection kit - (Films for Action article) 
No it's not your opinion (Houston Press article)
No, you're not entitled to your opinion (Quartz article)
On Cognitive Biases (Daily Nous post)
Affirming the Consequent (3 min video)
​Denying the Antecedent (3 min video)
Straw Man Fallacy (5 min video)
False Cause Fallacy (5 min video)
Appeal to Consensus (4 min video)
Begging the Question (4 min video)
Formal Fallacies (4 min video)
​Ambiguous (6 min video)
Hasty Generalization (Composition - 4 min video)
Prejudice (Division - 5 min video)
Ad Hominem (6 min video)
The Socratic Method (comic)
On B.S. (Harry Frankfurt essay)
And then there's "Kettle Logic" (on Wilde and Freud)
Check out this online course in reasoning!
Epistemology:

Epistemology Reading Package - Primary Source Documents​
Skepticism (cartoon)
Integrated Information Theory - Plato was right (Quartz article)
Plato's Cave and the Nature of Reality (Crash Course - 9 min. video)
Plato's Cave (Existential Comics)
A bit about Descartes (9 min video) - School of Life
Descartes (60 min podcast) - PEL
Descartes' theories were plagiarized from medieval women (NYTimes)
Poisoning theory of Decartes' death (Guardian article)
Descartes ideas taken from Teresa of Avila (Quartz article)
Scientism and Skepticism: Reply to Pinker  (Berfroid article)
Reply to Spinoza on Free Will (Talking Philosophy blogpost)
The Dark Side of Believing in Free Will (Gregg Caruso TED Talk)
Hume's Buddhist connection (The Atlantic article) and cartoon
Hume's Empiricism (PEL podcast)
Kant destroys Hume's skepticism (cartoon)
Locke's Empiricism and Berkeley too (Crash Course 10 min. video)
Curious George and the Limits of Empiricism (Existential Comics cartoon)
The case for teaching ignorance (New York Times article)
​Chomsky on Hume's Empiricism and Kant's Rationalism (5 min video)
On relativism and pragmatism (3 Quarks Daily article)
External Compulsion - pressured to kill himself (Daily Mail article)
​TEL: Is Morality Relative?
Are You a Garbled Relativist? (Philosophy Now article)
Thoughts on Postmodernism and Relativism (just a doc)
Philosophers discussing free will (97 min video)
Why we should believe in free will (Vohs and Schooler experiment)
Soft-Determinism Explained (ThoughtCo)
Biological Determinist Robert Sapolsky (57 min video)


The Virtuous Life: (human nature and ethics)

Virtuous Life Reading Package
   Why Environmentalism Needs to be Legislated - Snyder's notion of the virtuous life.
   The Secret of Happiness (infographic)
   Exploration of several ethical dilemmas (Michael Sandel 55 min video series)
​   Several current issues described - case issues
   An overview of Meta-Ethics (we'll be doing applied ethics in this unit)
Socrates
Plato
   Plato (5 min video) - School of Life
Epicurus
   Epicurus (5.5 min video) - School of Life
​   Epicurus school - cartoon
   Can We be Rich and Ethical? (Epicurus, Thoreau) - Snyder
   On Fear (Montaigne, Epicurus) - Snyder
   On Addictive Pleasure and the Fear of Death (Epicurus) - Snyder
   Compared to "positive hedonists" (Aristippus - Cyrenaic School) - Autarkist
Jesus
   Philosophy Introduction, on Prudence, and on Shocking Images (PEL articles)
   The Beatitudes (Matthew 5:1-44)
   Sex as sinful came from Augustine's philosophical dualism, not from the Bible.
Epictetus (Stoics)
   Stoics (5 min video) - School of Life
   From a comedian (4 min video)
   Being stoic in today's society (3 AM Magazine interview)
   Anger is temporary madness (Aeon Pigliucci article)
   How stoicism relieves anxiety (13 min video)
   Epictetus playing Sorry - cartoon
   Stoic contest - cartoon
​   Stoic experience of death (5 min video) - Pigliucci
   A Stoic Resurgence (Stoicism) - Snyder
   On Stoic Environmentalism (Epictetus) - Snyder
   The Stoic Life: Epictetus (60 min. podcast) - Pigliucci
   How to be Stoic (New York Times - Pigliucci)
​   Stoicism 101 (60 min video)
​   Benefits of Stoicism (Aeon article)
   Stoicism's effect on sexuality (BBC article)
   Comedy act - Michael Connell in full
Lao Tzu (Taoists)
   Tao Te Ching (Mitchell translation - primary source)
Existentialism
   Door to Door Existentialism - cartoon
   On the Titanic and Tolstoy (Tolstoy, Existentialism) - Snyder
   On an Impressive Stupidity (Sartre, Existentialism) - Snyder
   Solomon on Existentialism (Sartre, Existentialism) - Waking Life video
   Existentialist Muffins  (Sartre, Existentialism) - cartoon
   10 Reasons to be an Existentialist (Guardian article)
   Freedom Terminator  (Dostoyevsky and de Beauvoir) - cartoon
   Sartre in 10 minutes - Dodson video
   Sartre's Bad Faith (4 min video) - School of Life
   Sartre's existence preceding essence (2 min video) 
   And Leo DiCaprio's house sale (interview - sort of)
   On Sartre's Being and Nothingness (Philosophy Now article)
   On Sartre's Existentialism is a Humanism  (Philosophy Now article)
   Existentialism in Bojack Horseman (15 min.)
   Walter Kaufman lectures on Nietzsche and Sartre 
   Notes on Nausea (Sartre)
   Adorno's criticism of existentialism (Epoché Magazine)
Aristotle
   Aristotle Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   Aristotle's virtues and vices (an organized chart)
   On flourishing, ethics, and self-interest  - a nice overview
​   Criticism of Aristotle
   Virtue Ethics (9 min Crash Course video)
   Aristotle (7.5 min video) - School of Life
   Aristotle: Is Ethics based on Virtue? (27 min video) - TEL
Hume
   Hume Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   Hume's Treatise of Human Nature (Bennett's reworking)
   On Kindness  (Hume) - Snyder
   Moving Beyond the Rational (Hume, and religion debate) - Snyder
   Why some people buy into is-to-ought morality (Hume) - The Conversation
   Who is Hume (Oxford University Press)
   On Hume's Death
   Hume's obituary: Letter from Adam Smith to William Strahan
Kant
   Kant Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals (Bennett's reworking)
   An explanation on Kant's ethics (Routledge handout)
   On Kant (8 min video) - School of Life, BUT the categorical imperative is
​      NOT "do unto others" - Kant specifically says he intended to go beyond this idea
​   Kant categorial imperative in 30 seconds (30 seconds video)
   A quick summary of his ideas (handout)
   Another summary with criticisms (summary)
   Exceptions to the categorial imperative  (easy to understand blogpost)
   Exceptions to the categorical imperative (more complex but quotable)
   Can morality help ethical dilemmas? (27 min video - TEL)
   Kant: Can rules define morality? (27 min video - TEL)
​   Kant podcast - PEL
   About Kant - Philosophy Now article
​   Kant song (5 min video)
   Kant's Wild Side 
​   Kant's origin of racial hierarchy (26 min video - Philosophy Tube)
Thoreau
   Thoreau Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   Thoreau's Living Ethics - excellent secondary source
​   Thoreau summarized - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
   On Monbiot's Manifesto (Thoreau) - Snyder
   Zinn's Civil Disobedience (5 min video)
   On Walden's Pond (27 min podcast) - Philosophize This!
   A bit on his character (New York Times article)
Nietzsche
   Nietzsche Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   Nietzsche (7 min video) - School of Life
​   Nietzsche in 12 minutes - Dodson video
   Nietzsche's ethics - PEL podcast
   Nietzsche song - 4 min video
Mill
   Mill Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   Mill's Utilitarianism (Bennett's reworking)
   Mill's utilitarianism explained (secondary source)
​   Mill's Harm Principle explained (secondary source)
   Bentham's Intro to Principles of Morals (primary source)
   Problems with utilitarianism (3 min video)
   Utilitarian Ethics - PEL podcast
   Criticism - Wrongfulness isn't contingent on harm. (Gladwell)
   Utilitarianism Party (cartoon)
   Contemporary Utilitarianism (Singer and Benetar - cartoon)
   Mill on arguing on the internet (article)
Freud
   Freud Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   On God, Our Invisible Parents (Freud) - Snyder
   On Pleasure and Pain (Freud) - Snyder
   On How to Be Happy (Freud) - Snyder
Rand
   Rand Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF
   Problems with Rand's moral theory (Raw Story article)
   Rand - How is she still a thing? (LWT 3 min. video)
   Blank on Blank (6 min video)
   Rand on a 70s talk show (45 min video)
   Rand's influence today (5 min Truthdig video)
   What made Rand famous (Smithsonian article)
   What happens if we all follow Rand's theory. (PBS)
   On being at a Randian conference (​New Statesman article)
   Rand's letter to a little girl
Russell
​   Science and Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE 
   Russell Ethics - PRIMARY SOURCE PDF - this one has my notes 

Other
   Problems with Peter Singer's infanticide theory. (NYT article)
   Singer's infanticide theory (book excerpt)
   Singer's Famine, Affluence, and Morality (PDF)
   On a feminist morality (Virginia Held)
   Link between moral integrity and the self (Aeon article)
   A corrective for identity politics (Brain Pickings collection)
   Euthanasia for depression (21 min video)
   The Avengers: Kant v Mill (The Guardian article)
   Indicators of an ethical market (Stanford article)
   Confucius Ethics - primary source PDF
      Mengzi - secondary source
   Bertrand Russell Ethics - primary source PDF
   Jung Ethics - primary source PDF
   Meaning through Death - (6 min video)
​   On Accepting Extinction (Benitez article)
   Can suicide be rational? (33 min Philosophy Tube video)
​
The Virtuous State:  (politics)

Reading package is divided among each philosopher below (first link)
Economics in 30 min (video) or in full in print (Hazlitt)
What Justifies the State (TEL - overview of philosophers - 27 min video)​
What is Justice (TEL - 27 min video)
A cartoon outlining the exchange of power over the centuries - sort of. 
   Charles Taylor on Crises of Democracy (67 min lecture) and our unenchanted world (article) and in the New Yorker (article)
   A bit on Rousseau, Marx, and Nietzsche's totalitarianism (Quillette)
   Weird cartoon on the history of the world - 5 min video (more here)
   On the Social Contract Theory - Martha Nussbaum - 8 min video
   On Chomsky - Snyder
​   Chomksy cartoon
   On Equality and Liberty (Philosophy Now article)
   Piketty's Capitalism - why it isn't working - (Rozworski article)
   Piketty's Capital in the 21st Century - Snyder
   How a dumbed-down nation lost sight of the American Dream - The Guardian
   What the 1% Don't Want you to Know (Moyers and Krugman on Piketty)
   Penn Jillette on Libertarian (18 min video)
   Limits to Rawl's Democracy (Philosophy Now article)
   The Economist on Liberalism (The New Yorker)
   Carter's crisis of confidence speech (4 min video)
   On Zizek on capitalism (Then and Now 17 min video)
Plato
   Republic (primary source)
   Philosopher Kings (BBC 2 min. video)
   Connecting our current democracy to Plato's Republic - NY Mag ​article
   Plato's history (The Atlantic article)
   Criticism of Plato's state
Hobbes
   Leviathan (primary source - from here)
   Leviathan - in full 
   Leviathan (Bennett's reworking - start at ch. 14)
   On Hobbes' Political Philosophy (secondary source)
   On Hobbes (secondary source)
​   Social Contract Ethics (secondary source)
   Snyder's notes
   Hobbes podcast (98 min - PEL)
Locke
   Two Treatises on Civil Government (primary source - from here, pp. 430-8, and here it is in full)
   Locke's Second Treatise of Government (Bennett's reworking)
   On Locke's Limited Government (secondary source)
   On Locke's Two Treatises (secondary source)
   On Locke (secondary source)
   Snyder's notes
   A Brief History of Capitalism (School of Life 11 min. video)
   Can Capitalism and Democracy Co-Exist (Real News 3 hour video) 
   On Locke's Religious Tolerance (BBC 2 min video)
   Locke's view on slavery (secondary source)
Hume
   Property is founded on "fraud and injustice" (primary source)
   Personal Identity (primary Treatise, book I section IV, part VI)
Rousseau
   Social Contract (primary source - from here, starting at page 12)
   Rousseau's Social Contract (Bennett's reworking)
​   Rousseau explained (de Botton)
   On Rousseau's Social Contract (secondary source)
   On learning and the social contract  (secondary source)
​   On property rights (secondary source)
   Snyder's notes
   How Rousseau predicted Trump (New Yorker article)
   Rethinking the Social Contract (secondary source)
Mill
   On Liberty (primary source - booklet - from here)
   On Liberty Book IV - Limits to Authority (primary source)
   Mill's Liberty (Bennett's reworking)
   Representative Government (primary source - start at p 110 for plural voting)
   Sparknotes to help understand his theory
   On Mill's Liberty (secondary source)
   On Mill's Politics (secondary source)
   On Mill (secondary source)
   On weighted voting (secondary source)
   Mill explained (12 min. video)
   Snyder's notes 
   TEL: Utilitarianism: Does the end justify the means? - 27 min video
   On John Stuart Mill, Free Speech, and Climate Change (Mill) - Snyder
   On Mill's personal life (Guardian article)
​   LeGuin's story on utilitarianism 
Marx
   Communist Manifesto (primary source - from here)
   On Marx's Alientation of Labor (secondary source)
   How class works (10 min video - Richard Wolff, Marx specialist)
   When will capitalism end (17 min video - Richard Wolff)
   Marx explained (de Botton)
​   Marxism explained (Garvey article)
   Marx predicted our present crisis (Varoufakis article)
   Snyder's notes
   On a Four-Hour Workday (Russell, Marx) - Snyder
   Marx on Alienation (BBC 2 min. video)
   Karl Marx was Right (Truthdig article)
   What Marx was Really Saying (Truthdig article)
   Rosa Luxemburg's Marxism (Truthout cartoon)
   Course on Marx's Das Capital (Open Culture video series)
   Marx's Biography (Brain Pickings cartoon)
​   Marx vs Rand on capitalism (cartoon)
   Why he's still relevant (Financial Times article)
   Why he matters (3AM Magazine interview)
   Why capitalism is the problem (5 min. video)
   Arguments against Peterson (Current Affairs article)
   On Marx and Marxism (Stuart Hall - 51 min. video)
   Karl Marx's alleged great-great-grandson, Joseph Marx (3 min video)
Anarchy
   Inalienable Tenets of Anarchism (primary source - Albert Meltzger - from here)
   In Defence of Anarchism (primary source - Robert Paul Wolff - from here 403-13)
   Anarchism and Other Essays (Goldman)
   On Emma Goldman (secondary source)
​   Emma Goldman 6 min video
   Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)
   Goldman on the Trafficking of Women (primary source)

Indigenous Political Philosophy
Red Pedagogy - Sandy Grande
Exemplar of Liberty - Grinde and Johansen (see Ch. 4: Ennobling Savages)
Native American Political Theory - Richard Day

Other Political Readings:
Perpetual Peace - Kant​ (primary source)
Hobbes vs Rousseau (IAI)
How to Spot Fascism (cartoon)
Hegel on Wall Street (NYT article)
Marx vs Hegel via Zizek (Philosophy Now article)
Living in End Times and Trouble in Paradise - Zizek (primary source)
Capitalism with de Beauvoir, Foucault and more (Existential comics)
Wealth of Nations - Adam Smith (primary source)
About Smith's Free Trade ideas (secondary source)
Smith's Invisible Hand (BBC 2 min. video)
Are people better than animals (Films for Action 73 min video)
Democracy Incorporated (Wolin)
​The Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt) and abridged
​The Traffic in Women (Goldman)
​Kant's politics (The Science of Right)
Defending Enlightenment's Legacy (Rousseau, Locke, Heidegger...)
Accelerationism (Guardian article)
Capitalism is dying (Paul Mason 3 min video)
Charles Mills - The Racial Contract (his book in full)
​
The Virtuous Relationship:  (love, sex, and friendship)

Sex, Love, and Friendship Reading Package​
     plus the Schopenhauer reading 
​Why Office Friendships Feel Awkward (NYT article)
​On being friends with bad people (J. Isserow essay)
A bit in Rick and Morty (near the end, the rest is Nihilism)
What is sexual harassment (Economist graphs)
Bad romance lessons from movies (8 min video)
On Trigger Warnings (Salon article)
On Boundaries: Mary Bryson, Steven Galloway, and Jordan Peterson
On Work and Love (Freud) - Snyder
On Finding Meaning Through Love  - Snyder
On the Immorality of Monogamy (IAI article)
On Our Continued Sexual Repression (Freud, Montaigne) - Snyder
On Sexual Perversions (Freud) - Snyder
On Excuses for Not Having Sex - Snyder
Of Friendship  (Seneca, Montaigne, Aristotle) - Snyder
​On Virtual Friendships (Bulow & Felix)
Do your friends actually like you? - NYT article
Nietzsche on Love - Verkerk
Hedges on Pornography - Truthdig article
Brand on Pornography  (Trews 8 min. video)
Can porn we good for us (Economist debate)
Chomsky on porn (3 min video)
Prostitution is racist (Independent article)
Beauvoir on Social Construction of Women (BBC 2 min. video)
On banning sex robots (RT article)
On Sex Robots (Annotated Bibliography)
On the harm of romantic novels (Alain Botton article)
Of Chastity and Modesty (Hume) 
​How romanticism ruined relationships (Alain Botton - 5 min video)
Consenting Adults (Kant - Treat People as Ends)
Sexual Ethics Readings (Pojman packet)
​That's What She Said - the language of sexual negotiation (Rebecca Kukla)
​The Harms of Consensual Sex (Robin West)
Stories of Sex and Consent on Campus (NYTimes article)
Existentialists on Love (Cleary - 56 min video)
On friendship breakups (Star article)
Schwimmer's sexual harassment videos (Upworthy)
On casual sex 
Sexual freedom destroys desire (Quarz)
Why sex robots are dangerous (Telegraph)
​Performative Acts and Gender Constitution (Judith Butler)
Sexual orientation is in part a choice (Julie Bindel)
Force of Non-Violence (Butler - part 2 here)
Why we need a new philosophy of sex (The Conversation)
​

 Philosophy in Pop Culture:  (random links that don't quite fit above)

General Help for Finding a Philosopher:
​   Timeline of Philosophers - one line each​
   History of Eastern Philosophers
   History of Western Philosophers and their influence on each other

General Help for Understanding a Philosopher:
   AVOID: Goodreads, Quotations.com, etc. - entirely out of context and often wrong
   USE LIGHTLY AND DON'T SOURCE: Wikipedia
   Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - search for a straightforward explanations
   Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - search for a more in-depth explanation
​   Philosophy Now - search for secondary commentary on philosophers
   Partially Examined Life - search for podcasts that thoroughly discuss readings
   Information Philosopher - search for quick explanations and background
   Classics Archive  and Project Gutenberg have tons of primary source readings
   Diogenes spills the tea on Plato, Aristotle and many more ancient Greeks!
General Help for Finding a Topic:
   Essential Movies for a Student of Philosophy - Whitlock
   On laughter and philosophy (27 min video)
   Film - Philosophy (an entire journal connecting philosophy to film!)
   Some female philosophers (sorry for the male-centeredness of the course)
   Inception and the Nature of Reality (Crash Course 9 min. video)
Aquinas:
   Explained by Stumpf (secondary source)
   Explained by Albert (primary and secondary source)
Aristotle:
   Nicomachean Ethics in full (primary source) - function is 1.7
​   Politics in full (primary source)
​   Rhetoric in full (primary source - see Book II part 2 for revenge)
   On revenge (Rhetoric - primary source)
​   On how great Aristotle is
   On friendship (Nicomachean book 8 - primary source)
   Why it's okay to have bad friends (secondary source / criticism)
​   On greed (primary)
   On self-deception (primary)
   Happiness (Nicomachean Ethics - primary source)
​   How to be happy (Big Think - secondary)
   On Cause and Chance (primary source)
   On Pleasure and Happiness (primary source)
   Explained by deWitt Hyde (secondary source)
   Is Aristotle right about friendship (secondary source)
   Criticisms of Aristotle's ethics (secondary source)
   A defence of Aristotle (secondary source)
​   Problems with duplicity (secondary source)
   Criticism for following your function (secondary source)
   Curious story about him (secondary source)
Augustine:
   How he invented sex (secondary source)
   Grant me chastity, but not yet (Confessions - primary source)
Arendt:
   Origin of Totalitarianism (sections - primary source - abridged bit here)
   Eichmann in Jerusalem  (origins of the banality of evil - primary source)
   New Yorker Article (primary source - original piece that sparked outrage - easy read)
   Love letters to Heidegger (Open Culture - primary and secondary)
​   Essays in Understanding (primary source)
​   Thoughts on Poverty, Misery, and Great Revolutions (short essay, primary source)
   Criticism by Richard Brody (secondary source)
   More discussion about criticisms (The Nation - secondary source)
   What does banality of evil really mean (Aeon article - secondary source)
​   Why Arendt Matters (Berkowitz - secondary source)
   Arendt's Challenge (Butler - secondary source)
   Three Escapes of Arendt (A&C)
   On staying involved (iai News)
   PEL podcast - and part 2
Beauvoir:
   The Second Sex (primary source)
​   Intro to the Second Sex (primary)
   The Ethics of Ambiguity (primary source)
   About the Second Sex (secondary source)
   Solomon on de Beauvior (secondary source with parts of primary sources)
   Existentialist Comics 
   How her philosophy resonates today (secondary source)
   The 9 people you'll date (secondary source)
   Ethics of Ambiguity (secondary source)
   More on ethics of ambiguity (secondary source)
   Beauvoir on strong women (secondary source)
   Theory still resonates (secondary source)
​   On becoming a woman (secondary source)
   On the ethics of freedom (secondary source)
   A bit of her complex life (secondary source)
Butler
​   On rage (interview)
   Performative Acts and Gender Constitution (Judith Butler)
   Force of Non-Violence (Butler - part 2 here)
   Freud's death drive and Trump (Judith Butler - secondary source)
   Arendt's Challenge (Butler - secondary source)
Buddhism:
   On the idea of no-self (secondary source)
   Sutras (primary source)
Camus (and the Existentialists):
   An Absurd Reasoning (primary source)
   The Myth of Sisyphus (or here - full book - primary source)
   The Myth of Sisyphus (chapter - primary source)
   Reflections on the Guillotine  (essay on the death penalty - primary source)
​   Camus and the Absurd (secondary source)
   Solomon on Camus (secondary source with some primary bits)
   Camus and Absurdity - PEL podcast
   Camus in NYC - LA Review of Books
   Camus vs Sartre's politics (BBC film - 9 min.)
   Camus in 10 minutes - Dodson video
   An analysis of The Stranger - The Gemsbok blogpost
​   cartoon
   Nagel and Camus on the Absurd (secondary source)
   Encyclopedia entry of criticisms (secondary source)
   Limits of Absurdity (secondary source)
   A Human Crisis (primary source - read and discussed - 90 minute video)
   Absurd cartoon 
Chuang Tzu:
   On Chuang-Tzu and death (primary source)
   Chang Tzu - (PEL podcast)​
Confucius: 
​   Explanation (primary and secondary sources)
Cynics:
​   Diogenes of Sinope (secondary source)
​   Quotes by Diogenes (secondary)
   Diogenes' history and philosophy (secondary, but academic)
​   Hipparchia (secondary source)
Descartes:
   Aesthetic quotes (primary and secondary sources)
Dewey:
   The Process of Scientific Thinking (primary source)
   Humanism: a Modern Religion (primary source)
Diotima:
   aka Aspasia - influenced Socrates and Plato (secondary)
Epictetus (and the Stoics):
​   Virtue and the Highest Good (primary source)
​   Enchiridion (primary source)
   Discourses (primary source - click on each 'book')
   Stoic Competition (comic)
   Epictetus compared to Buddhism (secondary source)
   Stoic principles (Robertson - secondary source)
​   Epictetus' life (secondary source)
Epicurus:
   Explained, Letter to Menoeceus, Principle Doctrines (primary/secondary)
​   Compared to hedonism (secondary source)
   Epicurean Friendship (secondary source)
   Explained by deWitt Hyde (secondary source)
   Explained by deBotton (secondary source)
   Criticism of friendship ideas (secondary critique)
   Explained in really simple terms (secondary source)
   In the Face of Death (secondary source)
   Against Epicurus (secondary source)
   Concerning Epicurus and academics (secondary source)
   Morality of Epicurus (secondary source)
Existentialism:
   Explained by Stumpf (secondary source)
Foot:
​   Natural Goodness (primary source)
Freud:
   On God, Our Invisible Parents (Freud on atheism) - Snyder
   Concerns with identity formation (secondary source)
   Freud's death drive and Trump (Judith Butler - secondary source)
   When Dali met Freud (article)
Goldman:
   The Traffic in Women (primary source)
Hegel:
   Elements of the Philosophy of Right (primary source)
   Philosophy of Right (primary/secondary - explained section by section)
   Explained by Stumpf (secondary source)
   Explained by Garvey (secondary source)
   The difficulty with Hegel (secondary source)
​   Political community and individual freedom in Hegel (secondary source)
Heidegger:
   Heidegger (5.5 min video) - School of Life
   Heidegger in 12 minutes - Dodson video
   Movies about Heidegger - Taste of Cinema
​   The Question Concerning Technology - primary source
Hobbes:
   Human Nature and Political Power (primary source)
   In Defence of Dictatorship (primary source)
​   On the Role of Women (secondary source)
   Critique of Leviathan (secondary source)
   Strengths and Weaknesses (secondary source)
​   Explanation of Conflict (secondary source)
   On domestic relations (secondary source)
Hume:
​   On Death (Oliver Sacks essay)
   On Suicide (primary source) and about that essay
Hypatia:
   history (secondary)
   more history (secondary)
James:
   On Habit (primary source)
​   Pragmatism (primary source)
   The Will to Believe (primary source)
   The Moral Equivalent of War (primary source)
   Pragmatism, Faith, and War (primary and secondary sources)
​   Explained by Durant (secondary source)
​   Explained by Stumpf (secondary source)
​   A bit about him (secondary source)
   A bit about his books and spirituality (secondary source)
   What is an Emotion (BrainPickings article)
Jesus:
​   See the Gospels (primary source)
   Gnostic Gospels (primary source)
   The Christian Spirit of Love (secondary source)
   A Sketch of Christianity (secondary source)
   Philosophy of Jesus (secondary source)
   Bertrand Russell - scroll down to the Character of Christ (secondary)
​   (but he wasn't born on Christmas!)
Jung:
   Jung Ethics - primary source PDF
   The Portable Jung (full text with page numbers - primary source)
   Jung on accepting the darkness within us (8 min video)
   Jung on the importance of death (4 min video)
   Jung on the problem child (secondary source)
   Archetypes explained (12 min video)
Kant
​   The Metaphysics of Ethics (pdf)
   The Metaphysics of Morals (book - look inside)
​   Kant on Education (PDF)
   Perpetual Peace (PDF)
​   Lecture on Kant (50 min)
Kierkegaard (and Existentialism):
   On Subjectivity (The Exhausted World) - Philosop-her
​   Explained by Stumpf (secondary source)
   Kierkegaard on religion - Aeon
   Kierkegaard in 19 minutes - Dodson video
   Kierkegaard relating to the common man - cartoon
   Kierkegaard's notion of subjectivity (secondary - wrt Son of Saul)
Lao Tzu (Laozi)
   Tao Te Ching (Mitchell translation - primary source)
​   Explanation of the Tao Te Ching (Sung-Peng Hsu)
​   Topics by chapter
   Bio of Lao Tzu (School of Life article)
​   Wu Wei (5 min video)
​   Hegel's criticism,  Hegel on Daoism,  and more about it here
   Explanation of Laozi (intro to Religious and Phil aspects of Laozi)
   Another perspective from Quebec
   More explanation (Lei Xie)
   Christian criticisms of Taoism (secondary source)
   On simplicity (secondary source)
​   On Wu-Wei - inaction (secondary source)
​   On non-resistance (secondary source)
   Doing What We Do in an Honourable Way (Taoism) - Snyder
   A Crisis of Environmental Faith (Taoism) - Snyder
   The Tao of Environmentalism (Tao, Plato) - Snyder
Locke:
   On Locke's empiricism 
Machiavelli:
   The Prince (primary source)
   Good Guy or Bad (bio article)
   On the Prince
   Is the Prince a satire?
   How Machiavelli Trolled Europe (article)
   His life and his work in context (History Today)
Marcus Aurelius: - he goes by Marcus
   The Meditations (primary source)
   Marcus criticisms (secondary source)
   His hypocrisy (secondary source)
   A chilly comfort (secondary source)
   It's so yesterday (secondary source)
Marcuse
​   Philosophy of Liberation (secondary source)
Marx:
   Critique of Hegel - opiate of the masses one (primary source)
   The Germany Ideology (primary source)
   Explanation of the dominant ideology (secondary source)
   Cartoon
   Marxist Media Theory (secondary source - supporting Marx)
   Ideology, Hegemony, Discourse (secondary source)
   Fromm on Marx's concept of man (secondary source)
   Why Marx is more relevant than ever (secondary source - podcast)
   Don't blame Marx for Cultural Marxism (Reason article)
​   Marx on Love 
   Gertz lecture on Marx (why Sex in the City is a nightmare; 41 min. video)
   A critique of Marx's value theory (pdf)
Mill:
​   On Nature (primary source)
​   Free Will, Man, and History (primary source)
   Mill's precursors - history of utilitarianism (3am Magazine interview)
​Montaigne:
​   His essays (primary source)
​   His essays (another primary source)
   On Montaigne's ethics (de Botton)
   Rousseau's opinion of him (article)
   The genius of Montaigne (article)
   On Montaigne (scholarly secondary source)
   On Montaigne (New Yorker article)
   On Judging Evilness in Others (Montaigne, Tolstoy) - Snyder
   On Virtue and Intention (Montaigne) - Snyder
   On Mindfulness (Hanh, Tolstoy, Montaigne) - Snyder
Nietzsche:
   Nietzsche tries speed dating - cartoon
   Review of a biography (secondary)
   The Song of Zarathustra (primary source - God is dead - his new religion)
​   Nietzsche and the Buddha (book review)
​   The Origin of Morals (primary source)
   The Will to Power (primary source - nihilism)
   On the Genealogy of Morals (primary source - master/slave at beginning)
   Explained by Solomon (secondary source with bits of primary sources)
   Explained by Stumpf (secondary source)
​   Explained by de Botton (secondary source)
   Apollo and Dionysus (primary source)
   Nietzsche on RuPaul (secondary source)
   Twilight of the Idols (primary source) - doesn't kill you makes you stronger
   What doesn't kill me. discussion (secondary source)
   Criticisms by Santayana  (secondary source)
   Encyclopedia entry of criticisms (secondary source)
   Buddhist critique (secondary source)
   On Nietzsche and white supremacy (secondary source)
Noddings:
   Videos of her explaining her ideas (lectures - primary source)
   A Relational Approach to Ethics (primary source)
Nussbaum:
   Anger and Forgiveness (primary source)
​   2017 Jefferson Lecture (primary source)
​   How to escape fear (interview)
   The Philosopher of Feelings (secondary source)
   On Anger and the Rise of Trump (secondary source)
Plato:
   On the Beautiful (primary source)
​   Voices of Reason (secondary source)
   Aristotle's criticism (secondary source)
Rand:
​   The Virtue of Selfishness (primary source)
   Selfishness explained (secondary source)
Rousseau:
   The Origin of Inequality - and chapter 2 (primary source) 
   On learning and the social contract (secondary source)
   The Confessions - book XII - on friendship (primary source)
   Emile, or On Education (primary source)
Sartre
   Existentialism is a Humanism (primary source)
   Nausea (primary source)   Bad Faith (primary source)
   Solomon on Sartre (secondary source with some parts of primary sources)
   On Sartre's understanding of death - academic paper
   Lecture notes on Sartre - Professor Paul Vincent Spade
   Existentialism (by Stumpf - secondary source)
   A student's guide to Sartre (secondary source)
​   Sartre biography (secondary source)
   Bad Faith (School of Life 3 min video)
   comic
   Intro to Fanon's book (on violence)
Schopenhauer:
   Explained and On Art and Music (primary and secondary)
​   The World as Will and Idea (primary source)
   On Religion (primary source)
   On Pessimism (primary source)
   Compared to Buddhism (cartoon)
   On love as the expression of our will to life (de Botton video - 24 min)
   Gertz lecture on Schopenhauer (compared to True Detective - 47 min)
​   Three Criticisms of Schopenhauer (secondary source)
   Explanation and connection to Freud (secondary source)
​   On his life (secondary source)
   On his theories of love (NYTimes)
   On his pessimism (secondary source - non-academic) 
   On his pessimism (secondary source)
   More on his pessimism (secondary source)
Seneca (and the Stoics):
   On the Shortness of Life (primary source) 
   On the Shortness of Life - summary (secondary source with quotations)
   Moral Letters to Lucilius (primary source)
   Explained by de Botton (secondary source) 
   On Luxuries and Necessities (Seneca) - Snyder
   Video about his life  
   On the Shortness of Life (5 min video)
   Criticism of how he lived (Guardian article)
Skinner:
   Beyond Freedom and Dignity (primary source)
​   Skinner on Freedom and Dignity (secondary source)
Socrates:
   Explained by de Botton (secondary source)
Sun Tzu:
   The Art of War
   Facts and Details (secondary source)
​   The Art of Soft Power (secondary source)
​   Any Blood Left - on the different translations (secondary source)
   Ancient History Encyclopedia (secondary source)
​   Time: Does it lead to success? (secondary source)
   Atlantic: lessons for Trump (secondary source)
   Harvard Business Review (secondary source)
​   Compared to "On War" (secondary source)
   Commentary at the beginning (secondary source and primary source)
Thoreau
   Civil Disobedience (primary source)
​   Encyclopedia summary (secondary)
   Zinn on Civil Disobedience (video - secondary source)
   On Walden Pond podcast (secondary)
​   Criticisms of Thoreau (secondary)
   Bio (secondary)
   Mysteries of Thoreau (secondary)
Tolstoy
   Confession (primary source)
   The Death of Ivan Illych (primary source - a philosophical novel)
   An analysis of The Death of Ivan Illych - The Gemsbok blogpost
   About his Confessions (Brain Pickings - secondary source)
   About his life
   Review of The Last Station 
Weil
​   A cartoon 
Wittgenstein
   On his early years (The Paris Review article)
Žižek
   Žižek summary of works:IEP (secondary source)
   Philosophy Now (secondary source)
   Love Beyond Law (primary source)
   Incontinence of the Void (primary source)
   Events and Encounters
   Love as a Political Category - video
   Sex and the Failed Absolute - podcast
   On his debate with Peterson - secondary source - article
​   On Freud and Transgender Experiences - article
On the Environment:
   On Environmental Intensions (Hedonism, Mill, Nietzsche, Taoism) - Snyder
On Religion:
   Is Religion a Force for Good in the World (106 min video) - Hitchens vs Blair debate
   Debate with Sam Harris and Reza Aslan (130 min video)
   The Meaning of Life (12 min video) - Minchin
   The Death Problem (5 min video) - Silva
   On the sublime at death (cartoon)
On Gender:
   Gender is not a spectrum - Reilly-Cooper article
   Understanding gender - Naomi Lauren article and video on false-consensus effect
​   Feminist notions of sexism and oppression - Silverman essay
On Technology:
   Socrates on the problem with books (extrapolated to Facebook)
   Nolan Gertz on Marx (6-8 min.), Tech (8-15), Heidegger (at 15-23), and Nietzsche 
On Art:
​   What is art for?? (Philosophy Tube - 45 min. video_)